學(xué)位英語考試常用詞組（三）

believe與believe in

believe作及物動詞時，其后可跟名詞，表示"相信"的意思；后接從句時表示"認(rèn)為"。例如：

I don't believe his story.

我不相信他所說的。

I believe he told us the truth.

我認(rèn)為他告訴我們的是真的。

而believe in是一個動介型短語動詞，這時believe是不及物動詞，一起表示"信任"即"trust" 的意思。例如：

She doesn't believe in God.

她不信奉上帝。

They believe in astrology and let it rule their lives completely.

他們相信占星術(shù)并且由它來絕對支配他們的生活。

believe與believe in的后面均可接人的名詞或代詞，但其意義不同。試比較：

I believe in him. (= I trust him.)

我信任他。

I believe him. (= I believe what he says.)

我相信他的話。

beside與besides

這兩個詞都是介詞，且只相差一個字母，但意義卻相差甚遠(yuǎn)。beside的意思是"在……旁邊" 和"與……比較起來"。例如：

May I sit beside you?

我可以坐在你的旁邊嗎？

This year's profits don't look very good beside last year's results.

與去年相比，今年的利潤看來不太好。

besides的意思是"除……之外（還）"，相當(dāng)于 "in addition to"。例如：

There were three other people at the meeting besides Mr. Smith.

與會的除了史密斯先生外，還有三人。

注：besides還可作副詞用，解釋為"此外，而且"。例如：

I don't feel like dancing tonight. Besides, I will have an exam tomorrow.

我今晚不想跳舞，再說我明天還要測驗(yàn)?zāi)亍?/p>

blow up與blow out

blow up一詞的含義頗多，可歸納為：

1. 炸毀

The soldiers blew up the bridge with dynamite.

士兵們用炸藥把橋炸毀了。

2. 發(fā)脾氣，責(zé)罵

When we arrived a little late, our boss blew us up.

我們晚到了一會兒，老板就罵了我們一頓。

Mary was two hours late home from the party and his father really blew her up.

瑪麗聚會后回到家里比她答應(yīng)的時間晚了兩小時就遭到她父親的一頓罵。

3. 打氣

Be sure to blow up the type before you drive off.

開車之前，一定要把輪胎打足氣。

而blow out則表示"吹滅"。

She blew out the candle on her birthday cake.

她吹滅了生日蛋糕上的蠟燭。

Blow out the lamp, please.

請吹滅燈。

break into與break in

這兩個詞組"長"得很像，有人甚至認(rèn)為它們完全可以互換，其實(shí)則不然。 "break into"表示"破門而入，闖入"。例如：

A house was broken into between midnight and 5 a.m.

在午夜到早上5點(diǎn)這段時間，有人闖入一家房子。

The robbers broke into his home and robbed him of many possessions.

強(qiáng)盜們闖進(jìn)他的家中，搶走了許多財物。

但它還有一個意思，就是"突然開始……"，即    "to suddenly start to do sth."。例如：

The audience broke into cheers as the band came on stage.

當(dāng)這支樂隊(duì)一出場，觀眾就報以熱烈的掌聲。

而 "break in"的另外一個意思是"打斷（話）；插嘴"。例如：

Don't break in when he is telling the story.

他講故事的時候，別打斷他。

"There's no doubt about it," he broke in.

"那是毫無疑問的，"他插嘴說。

Excuse me for breaking in on your conversation.

請?jiān)徫掖驍嗔四銈兊恼勗挕?/p>

burn out與burn up

這兩個詞組都是動副型動詞，在表示"燒光，燒盡"時，可通用。例如：

The big fire burned out (up) two tall buildings.

這場大火把兩座高樓燒掉了。

burn out主要指燈泡，設(shè)備等"燒壞"；它還可以表示"放火將……趕出"。例如：

Any electric light bulb will eventually burn out.

任何燈炮最后總會燒壞。

I turn on a switch but the light had burnt out.

我打開電源，但電燈已經(jīng)燒壞了。

Hundreds of families have been burnt out of their homes.

有人放火使數(shù)百人無家可歸。

but do與but to do

這兩個詞組都可表示"除了做……之外"的意思，相當(dāng)于except do與except to do。它們屬于 "but不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)，即but是介詞，后接帶to的不定式和不帶to的不定式。比如在but前面的句子中出現(xiàn)了實(shí)義動詞do, but后一般接不帶to的不定式。反之則用but to do的形式。例如：

He could do nothing but wait.

他除了等，別無它法。

He had no choice but to kill himself.

他除了自殺外，別無其它選擇。

by heart與at heart

這兩個詞組在句中均作狀語，在意義上卻有所不同。by heart 指"靠記憶（by memory）",常與動詞get, learn, know等連用。例如：

The students have learned many new words by heart.

學(xué)生們已背熟很多新單詞了。

He has made the speech so many times that he knows every word of it by heart.

這篇演講他講過好多次了，因此，他能把里面的每句話記得清清楚楚。

at heart有兩種意義：一是"在本質(zhì)上"；二是"在內(nèi)心深處；關(guān)心的"。例如：

His manners are rough, but he is a kind man at heart.

他態(tài)度粗魯，但在本質(zhì)上是個善良的人。

When I say "Don't eat sweets", I have your health at heart.

當(dāng)我說"你不要吃甜食"時，我是在關(guān)心你的健康。

He has the welfare of the poor people at heart.

他把貧苦人民的福利放在心里。

by turns與in turn

by turns表示"輪流地，交替地"的意思，相當(dāng)于alternately, 多用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，例如：

We clean the classroom by turns.

我們輪流打掃教室。

She went hot and cold by turns.

她一陣發(fā)熱一陣發(fā)冷。

in turn有兩種意義：一是"依次地；輪流地"，含有one after another和in proper order的意義；二是"轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來"。例如：

They spoke at the meeting in turn.

他們依次在會上發(fā)了言。

Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過來又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。

by chance與by any chance

by chance表示"偶然地，意外地，碰巧"的意思，相當(dāng)于by accident，在句中作狀語。例如：

I had no idea he was there. I met him by chance.

我不知道他會在那兒，我是偶然碰見他的。

The news came to my ears by chance.

我是偶然聽到這個消息的。

by any chance表示"萬一；也許"的意思時，在句子中作插入語，它一般用于否定句或疑問句中。例如：

If, by any chance, he failed to come, we'll ask John to work the machine.

萬一他不來，我們就叫約翰開機(jī)器。

Have you by any chance a map of Shanghai?

你也許有上海的地圖吧？but for與but that

but for表示"要不是"的意思，相當(dāng)于if it were not for, if it had not been for。它常用于虛擬語氣。for 是介詞，其后只能接名詞（詞組）。例如：

But for your help and guidance, I should fail.

要不是你的幫助與指導(dǎo)，我早就失敗了。

but that 表示"除……以外，除非"等意思，相當(dāng)于except that; 也可以表示"要不是"的意思。but that后接從句。例如：

We ask nothing from you but that you should give a clear statement of the facts.

我們什么也不要你的，就是要你把實(shí)情清楚地交代出來。

He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.

要不是他當(dāng)時沒有錢，他就幫助我們了。

It will go hard but that we shall bring more land under cultivation.

除非我們擴(kuò)大耕地面積，否則事情就不好辦。