摘要:考生們多記單詞不僅能幫助自己理解文章,還能在寫作時(shí)豐富內(nèi)容。以下是希賽網(wǎng)整理的考研英語(yǔ)詞匯(一百八十四),希望能對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。更多考研相關(guān)資訊,請(qǐng)關(guān)注希賽網(wǎng)MPA頻道。
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)始于單詞,考研英語(yǔ)大綱當(dāng)中也要求考生至少要熟練掌握5500左右的單詞數(shù)量。希賽網(wǎng)整理了考研英語(yǔ)常用詞匯(一百八十四),供各位研考生查看參考。更多考研英語(yǔ)詞匯內(nèi)容,點(diǎn)擊考研英語(yǔ)常用詞匯匯總進(jìn)行查看。
1. respective [r??spekt?v]
adj. 各自的,分別的
拓展:
同:adj. several, each
派:respectively 分別地;各自地,獨(dú)自地
例句:They show extraordinary talents in their respective fields.
他們?cè)诟髯缘念I(lǐng)域都大放異彩。
It is vital that we align our respective interest.
讓我們各自的利益相吻合很重要。
2. rest [rest] v.(rests, resting, rested, rested)/n.(rests)
v. 放松,休息;(使)依靠,托,(被)支撐;中止,擱置;長(zhǎng)眠,安息(委婉說(shuō)法)
n. 休息時(shí)間,睡眠時(shí)間;剩余,殘留;其余的人,其他事物
常用搭配:rest on/upon sb./sth. 依靠,依賴;凝視,凝望
rest on sth. 基于,以……為基礎(chǔ)
rest with sb (to do sth) 是……的責(zé)任(或分內(nèi)的事)
rest your case 我的論證到此為止(已經(jīng)足夠);(律師在法庭上)對(duì)案情陳述完畢
breathe/rest easy 安下心;松口氣
and (all) the rest (of it) (列舉時(shí)用)諸如此類,等等
and the rest (比所說(shuō)的)還要多,遠(yuǎn)不止此數(shù)
at rest 靜止,不動(dòng);長(zhǎng)眠,安息(委婉說(shuō)法)
come to rest 停止移動(dòng),不再移動(dòng)
for the rest 除此之外;至于其他
the rest of 其余的,剩下的
give sth a rest 暫停,暫時(shí)不做
rest from 從……中抽身出來(lái)休息
lay sb to rest (委婉說(shuō)法,與bury同義)安葬
lay/put sth to rest (通過(guò)揭穿假象)平息,使停止
the rest is history 結(jié)局是盡人皆知的,結(jié)果如何不必贅述
put/set sb’s mind at ease/rest 安慰;寬解;使寬心
拓展:
同:n. break, interval, recess; remainder, remains, surplus lay-up v. relax, still
派:restlessness n.坐立不安;不安定
rester n.休息的人
restfulness n.寧?kù)o;安憩
restlessly adv.不安地;慌張地
restfully adv.平安地;安靜地
restless adj.焦躁不安的;不安寧的;得不到滿足的
restive adj.倔強(qiáng)的;難駕御的;不安寧的
restful adj.寧?kù)o的;安靜的;給人休息的
辨:rest,break,和interval
rest意為“休息,歇息”,泛指休息、放松。例:Rest your eyes after watching TV for a long time.(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視之后讓你的眼睛休息一下。)
break意為“休息,間斷,停頓”,指短暫的中止,如工作或活動(dòng)之間的短暫休息。例:There is a 10-minute break after the activity.(活動(dòng)結(jié)束之后有10分鐘休息時(shí)間。)
interval意為“間距,間隔,幕間休息”,多指戲劇、音樂(lè)會(huì)或比賽各場(chǎng)次之間的休息。例:He scored the decisive goal just before the interval.(他在中場(chǎng)休息前打入了這決定性的一球。)
例句:Rest your eyes after watching TV for a long time.
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視之后讓你的眼睛休息一下。
You should try to have/take a rest from all your hard work.
你應(yīng)該試著放下繁重的工作,休息一下。
3. restaurant [?restr?nt] n.(restaurants)
n. 餐廳,餐館
常用搭配:fast food restaurant 速食店,快餐店
buffet restaurant 自助餐廳
拓展:
同:n. cafeteria, hotel, lokanta
派:restaurateur 飯店主人;餐館老板
辨:restaurant和cafeteria
restaurant意為“餐廳,餐館”,常用詞,指各種規(guī)模,營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間固定,供應(yīng)不同菜品和飲料的餐館或大餐廳。例:The restaurant closed down because of bad management.(這家餐館由于經(jīng)營(yíng)不善倒閉了。)
cafeteria意為“自助餐廳,自助食堂”,指顧客自取食品到餐桌就餐的餐館,強(qiáng)調(diào)顧客自助用餐。例:The school cafeteria should provide a healthful diet.(學(xué)校餐廳供應(yīng)的膳食應(yīng)該有益健康。)
例句:The restaurant closed down because of bad management.
這家餐館由于經(jīng)營(yíng)不善倒閉了。
This buffet restaurant serves a wide variety of dishes.
這家自助餐廳的菜品很多。
4. restless [?restl?s] adj.
構(gòu)詞:rest(休息,停留)+ less(表否定的形容詞后綴,不……的)→ 不休息的→ 不安的
adj. 焦躁不安的,不耐煩的;沒(méi)有睡眠的,沒(méi)有真正休息的
拓展:
同:n. storm-tossed, twitchy
派:restlessness n.躁動(dòng),坐立不安
restfulness n.寧?kù)o;安憩
restlessly adv.不停地;不安地,慌張地
restfully adv.平安地;安靜地
restive adj.倔強(qiáng)的;難駕御的;不安寧的
restful adj.寧?kù)o的,安靜的,給人休息的
辨:restless,uneasy和nervous
restless意為“焦躁不安的,不耐煩的”,多指經(jīng)常性的毫無(wú)目的的行為或活動(dòng),也可指思想上的焦躁不安。例:Tonight is going to be a restless night.(今晚將是一個(gè)不眠之夜。)
uneasy意為“心神不寧的,惴惴不安的”,通常指因處于疑惑、焦慮或危險(xiǎn)的狀態(tài)下而產(chǎn)生的不安。例:She felt uneasy when she realized that she was followed by a stranger.(當(dāng)意識(shí)到被陌生人尾隨,她感到很不安。)
nervous意為“緊張不安的”,普通用詞,多指內(nèi)心的緊張心態(tài)或生性容易激動(dòng)的性格。例:She was really nervous before the interview.(面試前她真的很緊張。)
例句:Tonight is going to be a restless night.
今晚將是一個(gè)不眠之夜。
I’m beginning to feel restless with this job.
我開(kāi)始厭煩這份工作了。
5. restore [r??st??(r)] v.(restores, restoring, restored, restored)
vt. 修復(fù),還原,使復(fù)原;恢復(fù)(之前的狀態(tài)或感受);使復(fù)位,使復(fù)職;歸還(失物、贓款等)
常用搭配:restore sth. (to sb.) 恢復(fù)(之前的狀態(tài)或感受)
restore sb./sth. to sth. 使復(fù)位,使復(fù)職
restore sth. (to sb./sth.) 歸還(失物、贓款等)
backup and restore 備份與還原
拓展:
同:v. replace, return, repair, recover from, unsave
派:restoration n.恢復(fù);復(fù)位;王政復(fù)辟;歸還
restorative n.[藥] 恢復(fù)藥,滋補(bǔ)劑
restorer n.修補(bǔ)者;[計(jì)] 復(fù)位器;[計(jì)] 恢復(fù)設(shè)備;修建者
restorative adj.滋補(bǔ)的,有助于復(fù)元的;恢復(fù)健康的
辨:restore,recover,regain和reclaim
restore意為“修復(fù),還原”,多指修復(fù)建筑或工藝品,使其恢復(fù)原狀;也可指健康或能力的恢復(fù),恢復(fù)到以前的狀態(tài)或感受。例:Proper exercise and a light diet will help you restore your full health.(適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)和清淡的飲食會(huì)幫助你完全康復(fù)。)
recover意為“恢復(fù),痊愈”,含義廣泛,可以指從疾病中康復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)或某事物恢復(fù)常態(tài),后面通常接介詞from;也可指無(wú)意中找到丟失的東西;還可指恢復(fù)能力、知覺(jué)。例:The economy is at last beginning to recover after going through several lean years.(經(jīng)歷了幾年的蕭條之后,經(jīng)濟(jì)終于開(kāi)始復(fù)蘇了。)
regain意為“恢復(fù),重新獲得”,指通過(guò)努力使失去的東西失而復(fù)得,重新得到某物或恢復(fù)某種狀態(tài),也可與recover互換。例:The family regained/recovered its former honor.(這個(gè)家族恢復(fù)了昔日的榮耀。)
reclaim意為“拿回;回收利用”,多指對(duì)廢物的回收和利用。例:The reclaim of waste cells should be taken seriously.(我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待廢舊電池的回收。)
例句:Proper exercise and a light diet will help you restore your full health.
適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)和清淡的飲食會(huì)幫助你完全康復(fù)。
She is restoring the old paintings.
她正在修復(fù)這幅舊畫。
6. restrain [r??stre?n] v.(restrains, restraiing, restrained, restrained)
構(gòu)詞:re(回,向后)+ strain(拉緊)→ 向后拉緊 → 限制,約束
vt. (尤指用武力)阻止,制止,管制;控制(自己),約束(自己),忍住;控制,抑制
常用搭配:restrain sb./sth. (from sth./from doing sth.)
(尤指用武力)阻止,制止,管制
restrain yourself (from sth./from doing sth.)
控制(自己),約束(自己),忍住
拓展:
同:v. refrain, check, curb, inhibit
派:restrained v.抑制;約束
restraint n.抑制,克制;約束
restrainer n.[攝] 抑制劑(尤指攝影中用的溴化鉀等);限制器;控制者
restrained adj.克制的,受限制的;拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?
派:restrain,refrain,constrain和inhibit
restrain意為“控制,抑制”,常指用武力來(lái)阻止做某事,也可指克制自己的行為、情緒。屬于及物動(dòng)詞,后面可直接接賓語(yǔ)。例:She couldn’t restrain her anger.(她無(wú)法抑制心頭的怒火。)
refrain意為“克制,節(jié)制”,多指忍住不做某事,屬于不及物東西,后面常接介詞from。例:She couldn’t refrain from tears when she was about to leave her parents.(當(dāng)她即將離開(kāi)父母時(shí),她無(wú)法抑制住自己的眼淚。)
constrain意為“限制,強(qiáng)迫”,多指限制或制止他人的行為,帶有強(qiáng)迫性質(zhì),多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例:Women are too often constrained by family commitments.(女性往往受到家庭責(zé)任的束縛。)
inhibit意為“限制,約束,禁止”,多指妨礙某事物的發(fā)展。例:Being addicted to video games will inhibit children’s learning.(沉迷于電子游戲會(huì)妨礙孩子的學(xué)習(xí)。)
例句:She couldn’t restrain her anger.
她無(wú)法抑制心頭的怒火。
The government should take steps to restrain inflation.
政府應(yīng)該采取措施控制通貨膨脹。
7. restraint [r??stre?nt] n.(restraints)
n. 限制,控制;克制,約束;(武力)阻止,制伏;約束力,制約因素,管制措施
常用搭配:restraint (on sb./sth.) 約束力,制約因素,管制措施
without restraint 無(wú)拘無(wú)束地;自由自在地
restraint of trade 貿(mào)易管制
legal restraint [法] 法律約束
fiscal restraint measure 財(cái)政緊縮措施
拓展:
同:n. checking, control, suppression, inhibition, limit, restriction, control, constraint, restraint, limitation
派:restrained v.抑制;約束
restrainer n.[攝] 抑制劑(尤指攝影中用的溴化鉀等);限制器;控制者
restrained adj.克制的,受限制的;拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?
辨:restraint,constraint,restriction和limitation
restraint意為“控制,約束”,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某事物進(jìn)行限制的規(guī)則和條件,也可指克制自己的行為、情緒。例:We should exercise restraint and common sense.(我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)自制,理智處事。)
constraint意為“限制,約束”,多指限制他人的行為或限制其他事物的發(fā)展。例:Research work was bogged down by financial constraints.(研究工作因受到了資金的限制而停滯不前。)
restriction意為“限定,束縛”,指掌權(quán)者所設(shè)定的限制規(guī)定或法規(guī)。例:The government has lift restrictions on trade freedom.(政府已經(jīng)撤銷對(duì)貿(mào)易自由的限制。)
limitation意為“限制,限度”,常用詞,可以指人為的規(guī)定,也可指客觀存在的起限制作用的規(guī)則、事實(shí)或條件,也可指限制某事物的行為、過(guò)程。例:Disability isn’t a physical limitation on his life.(殘疾并沒(méi)有在身體方面限制他的生活。)
例句:We should exercise restraint and common sense.
我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)自制,理智處事。
The police appealed to the crowd for restraint.
警方呼吁群眾保持克制。
8. result [r??z?lt] v.(results, resulting, resulted, resulted)/n.(results)
v. (隨……)產(chǎn)生;(因……)發(fā)生
n. (某事導(dǎo)致的)結(jié)果,后果;結(jié)果(包括比分、得票、獲勝者或當(dāng)選者名單等);(尤指足球比賽的)勝利,勝局;(考試)得分,成績(jī);成果,成效
常用搭配:result in sth. 造成,導(dǎo)致
result (from sth.) (隨……)產(chǎn)生;(因……)發(fā)生
result of 是……結(jié)果,由于……結(jié)果
as a result 結(jié)果
as a result of adv. 因此,由于;作為……的結(jié)果
with the result that 因此;從而;其結(jié)果是
拓展:
同:v. set, account, breed n. outcome, product, event, consequence, grade, aftermath
派:resulting v.致使;產(chǎn)生
resultant n.合力;結(jié)果;[化學(xué)] 生成物
resultant adj.結(jié)果的;合成的
resulting adj.作為結(jié)果的
辨:result,outcome,consequence和aftermath
result意為“結(jié)果,后果”,常用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)因某事而引起的結(jié)果,而且一般是最終的結(jié)果。例:I’m waiting for my result anxiously.(我焦急地等待著自己的成績(jī)。)
outcome意為“結(jié)果,結(jié)局”,多指事物經(jīng)過(guò)一系列發(fā)展變化所導(dǎo)致的最終結(jié)局,側(cè)重指預(yù)先不知道的結(jié)果。例:The outcome of the war is not clear yet.(這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)局目前還不明確。)
consequence意為“結(jié)果,后果”,指隨某一事件引起的必然或自然的結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯關(guān)系,而且多是不良結(jié)果。例:You are going to suffer the consequences of your actions.(你將會(huì)自食其果。)
aftermath意為“后果,余波”,強(qiáng)調(diào)災(zāi)難(如風(fēng)暴、地震、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)留下的后果。例:The aftermath of war is life become even harder.(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的后果是生活變得更加艱難。)
例句:The large explosion has resulted in many thousands of deaths.
這次大爆炸已經(jīng)造成了成千上萬(wàn)的人死亡。
I’m waiting for my result anxiously.
我焦急地等待著自己的成績(jī)。
9. resultant [r??z?lt?nt] adj./n.(resultants)
adj. 因而發(fā)生的,由此導(dǎo)致的,作為結(jié)果的
n. 合力;結(jié)果
常用搭配:resultant force n. [機(jī)]合力
拓展:
同:adj. complex, synthetic n. outcome, consequence
派:resulting v.致使,產(chǎn)生
resulting adj.作為結(jié)果的
例句:The war and the resultant famine were undoubtedly a terrible catastrophe.
這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和由此引發(fā)的饑荒無(wú)疑是一場(chǎng)巨大的災(zāi)難。
We shall be able to find out the resultant of the original force by using geometry.
通過(guò)采用幾何方法,我們就能求出原力的合力。
10. retail [?ri?te?l , r??te?l] n.(retails)/v.(retails, retailing, retailed, retailed)/adv.
構(gòu)詞:re(再,又)+ tail(剪,切)→ 再次切割,由整變零 → 零售
n. 零售
v. 零售;以……價(jià)格銷售,零售價(jià)為……;細(xì)說(shuō),述說(shuō)(尤指別人的事情)
adv. 以零售方式
常用搭配:retail at/for sth. 以……價(jià)格銷售,零售價(jià)為……
retail sth. (to sb.) 細(xì)說(shuō),述說(shuō)(尤指別人的事情)
retail business 零售業(yè)務(wù);小生意
retail price 零售價(jià)
retail trade 零售業(yè)
retail chain 連鎖店
拓展:
同:n. sell-through, resale
派:retailing v.零售
retailer n.零售商;傳播的人
retailing n.零售業(yè)
例句:There are many retail outlets nearby.
附近有很多零售專營(yíng)店。
Many companies manufacture and retail their own products.
許多公司都會(huì)生產(chǎn)并零售自己的產(chǎn)品。
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