考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（四百二十五）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、The Earth’s daily clock, measured in a single revolution, is twenty-four hours. The human clock, 1, is actually about twenty-five hours. That’s 2 scientists who study sleep have determined from human subjects who live for several weeks in observation chambers with no 3 of day or night. Sleep researchers have 4 other surprising discoveries as well.We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, a fact that suggests sleeping. 5 eating and breathing, is fundamental life process. Yet some people almost never sleep, getting by on as 6 as fifteen minutes a day. And more than seventy years of 7 into sleep deprivation, in which people have been kept 8 for three to ten days, has yielded only one certain findings: Sleep loss makes a person sleepy and that’s about all; it causes no lasting ill 9. Too much sleep, however, may be 10 for you.These findings 11 some long-held views of sleep, and they raise questions about its fundamental purpose in our lives. In 12, scientists don’t know just why sleep is necessary.“We get sleepy, and when we sleep, that sleepiness is reversed,” Dr. Howard Roffwarg of the University of Texas in Dallas explains. “We know sleep has a function, 13 we feel it has a function. We can’t put our finger on it, but it must, 14 in some way, direct or indirect, have to do with rest and restitution.”O(jiān)ther scientists think sleep is more the result of evolutionary habit than 15 actual need. Animals sleep for some parts of the day perhaps because it is the 16 thing for them to do: it keeps them 17 and hidden from predators; it’s a survival tactic. Before the advent of electricity, humans had to spend at least some of each day in 18 and had little reason to question the reason or need for 19 But the development of the electroencephalograph and the resulting discovery in 1937 of dramatic 20 in brain activity between sleep and wakefulness opened the way for scientific inquiry in the subject.

問題1

A、however

B、furthermore

C、likewise

D、therefore

問題2

A、the

B、what

C、because

D、many

問題3

A、idea

B、feeling

C、sense

D、judgment

問題4

A、come up against

B、come down to

C、come up with

D、come up to

問題5

A、with

B、like

C、unlike

D、as

問題6

A、little

B、much

C、few

D、long

問題7

A、probe

B、investigation

C、research

D、examination

問題8

A、asleep

B、sleepy

C、active

D、awake

問題9

A、effects

B、affections

C、affects

D、impacts

問題10

A、useful

B、good

C、bad

D、harmful

問題11

A、challenge

B、deny

C、doubt

D、dispute

問題12

A、addition

B、fact

C、line

D、short

問題13

A、if

B、because

C、like

D、provided

問題14

A、at least

B、at most

C、at best

D、at worst

問題15

A、from

B、an

C、the

D、of

問題16

A、worst

B、best

C、only

D、natural

問題17

A、comfortable

B、calm

C、quiet

D、excited

問題18

A、coldness

B、warmth

C、darkness

D、shade

問題19

A、sleep

B、work

C、food

D、clothes

問題20

A、differences

B、similarities

C、resemblance

D、opposites

2、bulk 

A、 adj. 性感的，嫵媚的，英俊的，誘人的；吸引人的，令人愉快的；有吸引力的

B、 v. 使某物加大（或加厚、加重）；n. 預(yù)算，主體，大部分；體積，大（量）；巨大的體重

C、 n. 觀眾，聽眾；讀者；會(huì)見，覲見，進(jìn)見

D、 adj. 聲音的；錄音的

3、The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term“plant neurobiology” was  1  around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be  2  to intelligence in animals.  3  plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that  4  consciousness, researchers previously reported. But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it  5  so greatly from that of animals that so-called  6  of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote. Beginning in 2006, some scientists have  7  that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters.  8  “a plant nervous system,  9  to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “ They  10  claimed that plants have‘brain-like command centers’at their root tips.” This  11  makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,  12  it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.  13  the signaling in a plant is only  14  similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than“a mass of cells that communicate by electricity.” Taiz said. “For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold  15  of complexity and capacity is required,” he  16  “Since plants don't have nervous systems, the  17  that they have consciousness are effectively zero.” And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from  18  , so investing energy in a body system which  19  a threat and can feel pain would be a very  20  evolutionary strategy, according to the article.

問題1

A、coined

B、discovered

C、collected

D、issued

問題2

A、attributed

B、directed

C、compared

D、confined

問題3

A、unless

B、when

C、once

D、though

問題4

A、coped with

B、consisted of

C、hinted at

D、extended

問題5

A、suffers

B、benefits

C、develops

D、differs

問題6

A、acceptance

B、evidence

C、cultivation

D、creation

問題7

A、doubted

B、denied

C、argued

D、requested

問題8

A、adapting

B、forming

C、repairing

D、testing

問題9

A、analogous

B、essential

C、suitable

D、sensitive

問題10

A、just

B、ever

C、still

D、even

問題11

A、restriction

B、experiment

C、perspective

D、demand

問題12

A、attaching

B、reducing

C、returning

D、exposing

問題13

A、However

B、Moreover

C、Therefore

D、Otherwise

問題14

A、temporarily

B、literally

C、superficially

D、imaginarily

問題15

A、list

B、level

C、label

D、local

問題16

A、recalled

B、agreed

C、questioned

D、added

問題17

A、chances

B、risks

C、excuses

D、assumptions

問題18

A、danger

B、failure

C、warning

D、control

問題19

A、represents

B、includes

C、reveals

D、recognizes

問題20

A、humble

B、poor

C、practical

D、easy

4、In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.    This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.    The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.    Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.    Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.    Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.1、Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ____.2、According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ____.3、The word “indictment” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ____.4、Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? ____.5、What is the subject of the text?

問題1

A、lack of imagination.

B、poor bargaining skill.

C、obsession with high fashion.

D、insensitivity to fashion.

問題2

A、combat unnecessary waste.

B、shop for their garments more frequently.

C、resist the influence of advertisements.

D、shut out the feverish fashion world.

問題3

A、enthusiasm.

B、accusation.

C、indifference.

D、tolerance.

問題4

A、Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

B、The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

C、[People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

D、Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

問題5

A、Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

B、Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

C、Exposure of a mass-market secret.

D、Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.

5、If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.    There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.    At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.    In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.    Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.    As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.    John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.1、It can be learned from the first paragraph that ____2、Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?3、It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is ____4、The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions ____5、John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of ____

問題1

A、Teamsters still have a large body of members.

B、Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.

C、unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.

D、the government has improved its relationship with unionists.

問題2

A、Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.

B、Education is required for public-sector union membership.

C、Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.

D、Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.

問題3

A、illegally secured.

B、indirectly augmented.

C、excessively increased.

D、fairly adjusted.

問題4

A、often run against the current political system.

B、can change people’s political attitudes.

C、may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.

D、are dominant in the government.

問題5

A、disapproval.

B、appreciation.

C、tolerance.

D、indifference.