考博英語長難句之方式狀語從句

考博英語長難句方式狀語從句

1.定義

方式狀語從句(adverbial clause of manner)，屬于狀語從句中的一種。指在句中用來表示主句謂語動作發(fā)生的方式。

二、分類

方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：

① as，表示“像……一樣”，通常位于主句之后，也可放在句首。

例如：You must try to hold the tool as I do.

你必須像我這樣拿工具。

As is known to all, gunpowder was first invented in China.

眾所周知，火藥首先是在中國發(fā)明的。

② (just) as…so…表示“像……一樣”，通常位于主句之后。

例如：We can’t live without air, just as fish can’t live without water.

我們沒有空氣不能生存，就像魚沒有水不能生存一樣。

2 但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體。

例如：Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

③ as if/though表示“好像……”“似乎……”“仿佛……”

2 as if/though兩者用法相同，表示所說的情況是事實(shí)或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，用陳述語氣。

例如：The boss speaks aloud as if/though he is angry.

老板大聲說著話像是生氣了。

2 as if/though兩者用法相同，表示所說的情況是事實(shí)或者實(shí)現(xiàn)不符合，用虛擬語氣。

例如：They completely ignore these facts as if / though they never existed.

他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。

2 as if/though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語、形容詞或介詞短語。

例如：He cleared his throat as if to say something.

他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。

He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.

他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。

2.考博真題

I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers [that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends and acquaintance to a certain levity of temper, and a silly ambition of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire, (as if it were not infinitely more honorable to be a good-natured man than a wit.)] (中國社科院2015年閱讀)

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

主句：I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers

【譯文】我確實(shí)聽說過一些粗心大意的作家

分句一：that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends…

類型：定語從句;引導(dǎo)詞：that

分句二：as if it were not infinitely more honorable to be a good-natured man than a wit.

類型：方式狀語從句;引導(dǎo)詞：as if

【譯文】好像做一個善良的人并不比一個機(jī)智的人更光榮

其他修飾成分：without any malice為伴隨狀語

of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire作后置定語修飾ambition

【全句譯文】：我確實(shí)聽說過一些粗心大意、不體諒他人的作家，他們并不是存心要害他們的朋友和熟人名譽(yù)盡失，而且他們還以為自己風(fēng)趣，愛諷刺的精神來標(biāo)榜自己，好像做一個善良的人并不比一個機(jī)智的人更光榮。

[When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed]，the astronauts feel [as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor].

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

主句：the astronauts feel…

分句一：When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed

類型：時間狀語從句;引導(dǎo)詞：when

分句二：as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor.

類型：方式狀語從句;引導(dǎo)詞：as if

【譯文】宇航員們覺得自己好像正在被壓向宇宙飛船的底壁上去。

【全句譯文】：當(dāng)宇宙飛船以極快的速度離開地球時，宇航員們覺得自己好像正在被壓向宇宙飛船的底壁上去。

It's not just a question, [as obviously Foucault and Barthes are always suggesting], of deferring to authority [as though the authority were the police with a baton in its hand], right?

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

主句：It's not just a question of deferring to authority

分句一：as obviously Foucault and Barthes are always suggesting

類型：方式狀語從句;引導(dǎo)詞：as

分句二：as though the authority were the police with a baton in its hand

類型：方式狀語從句;引導(dǎo)詞：as if

【譯文】就好像當(dāng)局是手里拿著警棍的警察。

【全句譯文】：這不僅僅是一個問題，顯然福柯和巴特一直在暗示的那樣，要服從權(quán)威，就好像當(dāng)局是手里拿著警棍的警察，對吧

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