2016年湘潭大學考博英語真題(翻譯)

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Doing a PhD is certainly not for everybody, and I do not recommend it for most people. However, I am really glad I got my PhD rather than just getting a job after finishing my Bachelor’s. The number one reason it that I learned a hell of a lot doing the PhD, and most of the things I learned I would never get exposed to in a typical software engineering job.The process of doing a PhD trains you to do research, to read research papers, to run experiments, to write papers, to give talks. It also teaches you how to figure out what problem needs to be solved. You gain a very sophisticated technical background doing the PhD, and having your work subject to the intense scrutiny of the academic peer-review process - not to mention your thesis committee.

I think of the PhD a little like the Grand Tour, a tradition in the 16th and 17th centuries where youths would travel around Europe, getting a rich exposure to high society in France, Italy and Germany, learning about art, architecture, language, literature, fencing, riding, ect... all of the essential liberal arts that a gentlemen was expected to have experience with to be an influential member of society. The top PhD programs set an incredibly high bar: a lot of coursework, teaching experience, qualifying exams, a thesis defense and of course making a groundbreaking research contribution in your area. Having to go through this process give you a tremendous amount of technical breadth and depth.

Some important stuff I learned doing a PhD is as follows.

How to write papers and give talks. Being fluent in technical communications is a really important skill for engineers. I've noticed a big gap between the software engineers I’ve worked with who have PhDs and those who don’t in this regard. PhD-trained folks tend to give clear well-organized talks and know how to write up their work and visualize the result of experiments. As a result, they can be much more influential.

How to figure out what problem to work on. This is probably the most important aspect of PhD training. Doing a PhD will force you to cast away from shore and explore the boundary of human knowledge. (Matt Might’s cartoon on this is a great visualization of this.) I think that at least 80% of making a scientific contribution is figuring out what problem to tackle - a problem that is at once interesting, open and going to have impact if you solve it. There are lots of open problems that the research community is not interested in. There are many interesting problems that have been solved over and over and over. There’s a real trick to picking good problems and developing a taste for it is a key skill if you want to become a technical leader.

So I think it’s worth having a PhD, especially if you want to work on the hardest and most interesting problems. This is true whether you want a career in academia, a research lab or more traditional engineering role, but as my PhD advisor was fond of saying, “doing a PhD costs you a house.” (In term of the lost salary during the PhD years)

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