2020年全國醫(yī)學博士英語新大綱樣卷（漢譯英）

例：隨著生產(chǎn)社會化和科技現(xiàn)代化，越來越多的醫(yī)學科學技術(shù)成就已經(jīng)證實，社會因素對健康與疾病有著不可忽視的作用。因此，社會醫(yī)學的興起，是醫(yī)學現(xiàn)代化進程的一個標志，是科學技術(shù)進步的必然結(jié)果。

由于人口老齡化進程加速和疾病譜（disease spectrum）從傳染病為主向以慢性非傳染性疾病為主的轉(zhuǎn)變，醫(yī)學模式已從傳統(tǒng)的生物醫(yī)學模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯铩睦怼鐣t(yī)學模式。與此相應(yīng)，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)已向四個方面擴展，即從單純治療擴展到預防保健，從生理擴展到心理，從醫(yī)院服務(wù)擴展到家庭和社區(qū)，從單純的醫(yī)療技術(shù)措施擴展到綜合的社會服務(wù)。

為適應(yīng)醫(yī)學模式轉(zhuǎn)變而發(fā)生的上述四個變化，是醫(yī)學社會化的必然趨勢，也是產(chǎn)生社會醫(yī)學的客觀依據(jù)。

參考答案（19~20分）

with the socialization of production and modernization of science and technology, a growing number of achievements and accomplishments in medical technology have proved that social factors can have a negative effect on health, causing medical problems. as a milestone in the medical modernization,the established discipline of social medicine is an inevitable result of the development of science and technology.

the medical model has changed from the biomedical one to the biology-psychology-society one simply because of the increasing speed of aging populations and the shift of disease spectrum from infectious disease to chronic and non-infectious ones. correspondingly, the healthcare services are managed in four directions:from the single medical treatment to preventive healthcare, from physiology to psychology, from the hospital service to community services and homecare, and from the single therapies of medical technology to the comprehensive social work.

in response to these four transfers caused by the shift of the medical model, inevitably, the medical socialization comes into being. the inevitable trend produces objective evidence for the development of social medicine.