2018年考研英語(yǔ)一完型填空

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.

4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.

11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.

1. [A] on  [B] like [C] for [D] from

2. [A] faith  [B] concern  [C] attention  [D] interest

3. [A] benefit [B] debt  [C] hope  [D] price

4. [A] Therefore  [B] Then  [C] Instead  [D] Again

5. [A]Until  [B] Unless  [C] Although  [D] When

6. [A] selects [B] produces  [C] applies  [D] maintains

7. [A] consult  [B] compete  [C] connect  [D] compare

8. [A] at  [B] by  [C]of  [D]to

9. [A] context  [B] mood  [C] period  [D] circle

10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes  [C] colleagues  [D]supporters

11.[A] Funny  [B] Lucky  [C] Odd  [D] Ironic

12.[A] monitor  [B] protect  [C] surprise  [D] delight

13.[A] between  [B] within  [C] toward  [D] over

14.[A] transferred  [B] added  [C] introduced  [D] entrusted

15.[A] out  [B] back  [C] around [D] inside

16.[A] discovered  [B] proved  [C] insisted  [D] .remembered

17.[A] betrayed  [B]wronged  [C] fooled  [D] mocked

18.[A] forced  [B] willing  [C] hesitant  [D] entitled

19.[A] In contrast  [B] As a result  [C] On the whole  [D] For instance

20.[A] inflexible  [B] incapable  [C] unreliable  [D] unsuitable

1.【答案】C

【解析】該題選擇的是介詞，與后面的many worthwhile things一塊做后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的condition,表明對(duì)于許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要的條件。而A選項(xiàng)from（來(lái)自于），C選項(xiàng)like（像）D選項(xiàng)on（關(guān)于）均語(yǔ)義不搭。

2.【答案】A

【解析】此處考察語(yǔ)義一致和對(duì)上下文辨析的問(wèn)題。該空是做put的賓語(yǔ)，通過(guò)前面的On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面,信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)；on the other hand 可以得知該題仍然是在講述關(guān)于主題 trust的問(wèn)題，所以只有faith（信任）最合適。而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)concern（關(guān)心，關(guān)注），C選項(xiàng)attention（注意），D選項(xiàng)interest（興趣，利益）均不符題意。

3.【答案】D

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。前文說(shuō)到putting your _____in the wrong place often carries a high _____（把……放在錯(cuò)誤的地方通常會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的……），可以知道該空肯定也是填貶義，但肯定不能是debt債務(wù)這種具體含義，所以只能選price，并且carries a high price也指付出高昂的代價(jià)。

4.【答案】B

【解析】此題考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，該段所指內(nèi)容_____, why do we trust at all? （我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)要信任？）所以采用了遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明信任的具體內(nèi)容。只有D選項(xiàng)then(然后，那么)最符合語(yǔ)義搭配。而A選項(xiàng)again（再次）表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；B選項(xiàng)instead（然而）表轉(zhuǎn)折；而C選項(xiàng)therefore（因此）表結(jié)果，均不符合。

5. 【答案】D

【解析】此處再一次考察邏輯關(guān)系。該空_____ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin，a hormone（___人們信任一個(gè)人或者一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，大腦都會(huì)釋放一種荷爾蒙）,只有when（當(dāng)……時(shí)）符合上下文語(yǔ)境和邏輯語(yǔ)境。

6. 【答案】B

【解析】該題是考察定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)賓搭配問(wèn)題。上一句說(shuō)當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings這個(gè)that就是定語(yǔ)從句，指這種荷爾蒙能_____令人愉悅的感覺(jué)，只能是produce 最符合語(yǔ)境。

7.【答案】C

【解析】考察詞義辨析。該空所填為動(dòng)詞，并且要求與之后的with形成搭配。and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____with one another. 說(shuō)明這種荷爾蒙能夠引發(fā)一種群居本能，這種本能能讓羊群聚在一起，and的后面的內(nèi)容也與前面的flock together同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以只有connect最符合語(yǔ)境。

8. 【答案】D

【解析】該題考察固定搭配。與exposure to構(gòu)成固定搭配的關(guān)系。表示“接觸”

9. 【答案】B

【解析】該題考察上下文語(yǔ)義。上文中說(shuō)到這種荷爾蒙會(huì)給人帶來(lái)一種愉悅的情緒，通過(guò)這個(gè)結(jié)論，可以得出這種荷爾蒙能讓人有讓人信任的情緒/心緒。只有mood是最合適的答案。

10.【答案】A

【解析】此處仍然是考察上下文語(yǔ)境。上文中In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; 能從下文得知這也是只本句講另外一組受試者。conuterparts表示對(duì)應(yīng)物，對(duì)應(yīng)的人。

11.【答案】B

【解析】此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。從后文中的also可以看出前后一致的關(guān)系。前文對(duì)于這種天賦都是褒義的色彩，所以答案此時(shí)應(yīng)該是lucky。

12.【答案】B

【解析】同樣也是因?yàn)閍lso，說(shuō)明前后一致關(guān)系。只能選擇protect.

13.【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____ a credible person and a dishonest one. 選則between 意為：14個(gè)月大的孩子能在誠(chéng)實(shí)和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人之間進(jìn)行區(qū)分。

14.【答案】C

【解析】考察搭配。結(jié)合原文語(yǔ)境，“Sixty toddlers were each__to adult tester holding a plastic container”選項(xiàng)C“be introduced to sth ”表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某物?！狈显恼Z(yǔ)境。

15.【答案】D

【解析】本題考察借此搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)原文“what’s in here?”before looking into the container...Each subject was then invited to ___.” 選項(xiàng)D與前文所表達(dá)的in here和looking into相關(guān)。因此D為正選。

16.【答案】A

【解析】本題考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty...”這是用分好并列連接的兩個(gè)句子，屬于并列關(guān)系。因此，前半句講一般的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人會(huì)怎么說(shuō)。像個(gè)小分局的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一直。因此本題填入的含義應(yīng)該與found 含義相同。因此，A選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)為正選。

17.【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)本題語(yǔ)境，此句在破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面的意思解釋說(shuō)明。前面提到了另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且易世達(dá)測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃?。既然盒子是空的，那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以對(duì)此題必須要理解測(cè)試者是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是Them 指的是受測(cè)者。主語(yǔ)的含義決定了謂語(yǔ)的含義為戲弄。因此C選項(xiàng)為正選。

18.【答案】B

【解析】考察搭配。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，意為在所有沒(méi)有被戲弄過(guò)的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是如何的。Demonstrating that they trusted his leadership 表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。因此，既然信任他們就表示愿意合作。所B選項(xiàng)willing to do 構(gòu)成固定搭配。

19.【答案】A

【解析】本題考察邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境“”only five of the 30 children paried with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.” 通過(guò)該句中的only，可以看出與上文的“大多數(shù)”形成鮮明對(duì)比。因此，本題應(yīng)該選擇轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)為正選。

20.【答案】C

【解析】本題考察詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境；在接下來(lái)的活動(dòng)中，30個(gè)孩子中有5個(gè)孩子與...樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于小部分，大部分測(cè)試者對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，而小部分應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任。因此，C選項(xiàng)“不可靠”為正選。